12 Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice yang Mudah untuk Kamu Pahami
Selain jenis kalimat positif, negatif, dan tanya, kita juga mengenal jenis kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif. Dalam bahasa Inggris kalimat aktif disebut dengan active voice dan kalimat pasif disebut dengan passive voice.
Passive voice adalah kalimat yang menukarkan posisi objek dengan subjek. Artinya siapapun atau apapun yang menjadi aktor/pelaku dalam kalimat tersebut tidak menjadi subjek kalimat.
Jadi, kalimat pasif biasanya digunakan untuk menekankan kejadian bukan kepada pelaku dari tindakan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat pasif dibentuk dengan menambahkan awalan di- atau ter- pada kata kerja. 1.
Nah, lalu bagaimana dengan pembentukan kalimat pasif (passive voice) dalam bahasa Inggris? Coba perhatikan contoh kalimat passive voice berikut ini:
The road was crossed by the chicken.
Dalam contoh kalimat passive voice di atas, siapa yang menjadi aktor/pelaku? “the chicken” adalah pelaku dari aktivitas “crossed”, tapi penempatannya disitu bukan sebagai subjek, melainkan sebagai objek. Sementara, yang menjadi subjek justru “The road”. Subjek kalimat ditulis sebelum kata kerja, sementara objek kalimat ditulis setelah kata kerja. Bandingkan dengan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
The chicken crossed the road.
Nah, sementara dalam contoh di atas, “The chicken” merupakan subjek kalimat, dan juga aktor dalam aktivitas “crossed”.
Sebetulnya, mengenali ataupun membuat kalimat passive voice tidak sulit. Selain prinsip di atas, yakni memindahkan posisi objek menjadi subjek dan sebaliknya, pertama, kita membutuhkan “to be” (is, are, am, was, were, have been, has been, had been, will be, being) dan diikuti oleh “past participle” atau biasa dikenal juga dengan sebutan “verb 3”.
Berikut pola kalimat passive voice:
“To be” + Past Participle (Verb 3) = Passive Voice
Contoh kalimat passive voice:
The developers have renovated the building -> The building has been renovated by the developers
Subjek, sekaligus pelaku dari aktivitas “renovated” dalam kalimat pertama adalah “the developers”. Kemudian kita tukar posisi subjek menjadi objek dan sebaliknya. Perhatikan juga perubahan kata kerja dengan disisipi “been” yang merupakan “to be”, yang asalnya “have renovated” menjadi “has been renovated”.
Nah, objek kalimat juga dapat disembunyikan jika dianggap tidak perlu dan menjadi seperti ini:
The building has been renovated.
Sumber: unsplash.com
Karena “to be” sangat beragam, mari kita simak penjabaran macam-macam “to be” berdasarkan tenses yang digunakan sebagai berikut:
1. Simple present tense
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + is/am/are + V3. Contoh kalimat:
He is beaten by all his competitors.
Heart disease is considered the leading cause of death in the United States.
I am thrown to the pool last night.
2. Simple past
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + was/were + v3. Contoh kalimat:
She was already gone.
We were confused by the unclear regulation that was announced on campus.
3. Simple future
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + will be + v3. Contoh kalimat:
It will be made into a nice sweater.
The leftover will be eaten by stray cats.
My office mate will be placed in another city.
4. Simple past future
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + would/should + be + V3. Contoh kalimat:
I would be asked first in this job interview.
These clothes should be delivered on time to their owner.
My desk should be placed in the corner of my room.
5. Present continuous
Pada tense ini, kamu bisa membentuk kalimat dengan rumus: S + is/am/are + being + V3. Contoh:
The tasks are being done by herself.
The trophy is being won by our team.
Our used clothes are being sold for charity.
6. Past continuous
Adapun rumusnya adalah s + was/were + being +V3. Contoh:
My neighbor’s house was being robbed last night.
The trees were being cut every day.
She was being lifted by a police officer.
source: unsplash.com
7. Future continuous
Rumus yang digunakan dalam tense ini adalah s + will be + V3. Contoh:
This room will be cleaned at the moment.
Those racks will be emptied for some new stuff.
My favorite series will be released next summer.
8. Past future continuous
Rumus yang digunakan dalam tense ini adalah s + would/should + be + V3. Contoh:
You should be promoted as a manager.
The public pool should be cleaned daily in order to spread the virus.
The donut shop near my house should be expanded to get more visitors.
9. Present perfect continuous
Tense ini memiliki rumus s + have/has + been + V3. Contoh:
She has been betrayed by her own best friend.
The grass has been mowed by the automatic mowing machine.
The journal has been translated into 6 different languages.
10.Past perfect continuous
Tense ini memiliki rumus s + had + been + V3. Adapun contoh kalimatnya adalah:
The children had been educated well by their mother.
I had been deceived so many times when I was with him.
11. Future perfect continuous
Untuk menggunakan tense ini, ada rumus yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu s + would + have + been + v3. Adapun contoh kalimatnya adalah:
The computer would have been hacked if they didn’t set up the new security systems.
These fruits would have been rotten.
Those patients would have been treated.
12. Past future perfect continuous
Tense ini memiliki rumus s + would/should + have + been + V3. Contoh kalimatnya adalah:
She should have been married to a doctor.
The fire would have been gone if the firefighter came on time.
Sebagai perbandingan antara kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, perhatikan contoh berikut:
| Tense | Active | Passive | Terjemahan |
| Present simple | I watch a movie | A movie is watched | Film ditonton |
| Present continuous | I am watching a movie | A movie is being watched | Film sedang ditonton |
| Past simple | I watched a movie | A movie was watched | Film ditonton |
| Past continuous | I was watching a movie | A movie was being watched | Film sedang ditonton |
| Present perfect | I have watched a movie | A movie has been watched | Film telah ditonton |
| Past perfect | I had watched a movie | A movie had been watched | Film telah ditonton |
| Future simple | I will watch a movie | A movie will be watched | Film akan ditonton |
| Future be going to | I am going to watch a movie | A movie is going to be watched | Film akan ditonton |
| Modal | I must watch a movie | A movie must be watched | Film harus ditonton |
| Modal perfect | I should have watched a movie | A movie should have been watched | Film seharusnya ditonton |
Nah contoh-contoh kalimat passive voice diatas sudah cukup jelas, bukan? Jika ingin segera mempelajari Bahasa Inggris, yuk gabung segera dengan SUN English dan pelajari contoh-contoh kalimat lainnya. Hubungi WA student Advisor SUN English di 081211868283
Penulis : Faqih